check out https://physics.aps.org/articles/v11/100
Stretchy genes. Half of the 2018 physics Nobel Prize recognizes the invention of optical tweezers. In this illustration of a recent experiment, two optical tweezers (red) were used to stretch a single strand of DNA between a pair of tiny beads (blue). Monitoring the light emitted by fluorescent molecules (green) provided information on the DNA’s structural changes under tension 